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5 High-Leverage Ways to Build Deep Place Value Understanding in Grades 2–6

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As elementary teachers begin the new school year, place value is almost always the starting line. It is the foundation of our Base-10 system, grounding everything from multi-digit addition and subtraction to decimals, multiplication, and scientific notation.

Unfortunately, place value can be reduced to a passive exercise in memorizing column labels: ones, tens, hundreds, thousands. But true place value understanding isn’t about naming columns; it’s about understanding the multiplicative relationships, flexibility, and magnitude of numbers. And this is where I geek out. I love this stuff!

So if you are looking to start your math block with deep conceptual understanding rather than rote procedure, here are 5 high-leverage ways to introduce and reinforce place value in your classroom this year.

1. Hook Students with a “Notice & Wonder” Prompt

Instead of lecturing on place value positions, start with a simple prompt that sparks curiosity and math discourse. Display a place value chart with a number like 2,488 written across it. Ask students: “What do you notice? What do you wonder?”

Guide the conversation to the two 8s. Ask students: “What is the difference between these two identical digits?”

This opens the door for students to discover the core rule of our Base-10 system themselves: where a digit sits determines its value. They quickly see that the 8 in the tens place (80) is 10 times greater than the 8 in the ones place (8). This sets a strong foundation for understanding the 10x and 1/10 relationships across grade levels.

2. Play Strategic Digit-Placement Games

Turn place value into an active strategy game! Give pairs of students a sheet with blank spaces representing a multi-digit number (e.g., four blank spaces for a 4-digit number: _ _ _ _).

Students take turns rolling a standard die (or a 0–9 digit spinner) and deciding where to place the rolled digit in their blank spaces. The goal? Create the largest possible number.

This simple game forces high-level strategic reasoning:

  • “I rolled a 5. Should I put it in the thousands place, or risk holding out for a 6?”
  • “If I put a 1 in the thousands place, my entire number loses its value.”

After playing, have students read their final numbers aloud to their partners and compare them using <, >, or = signs.

3. Connect Concrete Manipulatives Directly to Charts

Building numbers with base-10 blocks, place value disks, or interlocking cubes is essential, but the physical building alone isn’t enough. The magic happens when students connect the concrete blocks to the representational (pictorial) to the abstract chart.

Have students physically build a number using base-10 blocks inside or right above a place value mat. Then have students draw the blocks. This allows students to begin moving away from concrete representations toward the representational. Moving fluidly between concrete blocks, pictorial drawings, and abstract numbers ensures students understand the base-10 number system.

4. Interactive Notebook Anchors

Give students a permanent, easy-to-reference tool by incorporating half-page place value anchors into their interactive notebooks.

Combine a traditional place value chart with an open number line directly underneath it. When students write a number like 3,450, have them plot it on the open number line between 3,000 and 4,000. Seeing the number simultaneously on a chart and a number line builds a dual mental model, helping students understand both the structural breakdown of the digits and the relative magnitude of its position on the number line.

5. Integrate Daily Flexible Decomposing (Place Value MathReps)

Place value shouldn’t be taught for three weeks at the beginning of the year and then shelved. To build automaticity, embed flexible number sense into your daily warm-up routine using a MathRep. (There are lots to choose from. Be sure to check them out at MathReps.com)

Challenge students to decompose numbers in non-standard ways:

  • Standard Form: 1,200
  • Expanded Form: 1,000 + 200
  • Flexible Form: 12 hundreds or 120 tens

When students realize that numbers can be broken apart flexibly without losing their total value, mental math and complex multi-digit computation become infinitely easier.

Which Approach Will You Use First?

Building a deep understanding of our Base-10 system during the first weeks of school sets the tone for the entire math year. Whether through strategic games, rich discourse, or visual anchors, giving students multiple access points ensures no one gets left behind.

Which of these 5 strategies are you planning to try with your students this week, or when you return to school? Let me know in the comments below!

Math Dash Chats: 5 Minutes to Boost Daily Student Discourse and Spiral Review

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As a teacher, I make a point every single school year to pick one specific area to refine and make better than the year before. Last year, my focus was clear: creating meaningful, daily mathematical discourse teachers could easily incorporate into their classrooms.

The traditional math curriculum my district used for over a decade had virtually no opportunities for student talk built in. When you combine a lack of built-in discourse with the challenge of fitting in manageable, productive spiral review, especially for standards like measurement, data, and geometry that so often get crammed into the final weeks of the school year, I knew teachers needed a structured, low-prep tool.

That is why I created Math Dash Chats.

I have built them for 2nd through 6th grade, and I am more than happy to expand the series if there is a demand for other grade levels! You can access the entire collection directly in this free Google Drive folder.

How Math Dash Chats Work

The premise is simple, efficient, and intentional:

  • 36 Weeks of Ready-to-Use Content: Each grade level includes 36 weeks of slides—one for every single week of the school year.
  • 5 Weekly Talk Prompts: Each slide features five distinct opportunities for review and mathematical reasoning; one for each day of the week:
    • Which One Doesn’t Belong
    • Convince Me That (adapted from Dan Kauffman)
    • Geometry
    • Data
    • Measurement
  • Interactive “Door” Covers: Off to the side of each slide is a set of visual “doors” that cover the five spaces. Setting them aside allows teachers to preview the content before presenting it. (Pro-Tip: Highlight and grab all five doors at once to slide them directly over the prompts – they are pre-aligned perfectly for you!)
  • Video Explanation: If you want a quick visual walk-through of how to set up and run the slides, check out slide #2 in any grade-level deck or watch this quick Math Dash Chats video tutorial.

Why Structured Discourse Matters

We know that when students are required to explain their mathematical reasoning aloud, their conceptual understanding shifts from superficial memory to deep mastery.

The primary barrier for teachers isn’t a lack of desire; it’s a lack of time. Teachers don’t have the mental bandwidth to invent a new discourse prompt every single morning. While informal partner talk can happen naturally, Math Dash Chats provides intentional, structured spiral review that follows a thoughtful progression across the year. Early-year slides ground students in prerequisite standards from previous grades, letting them focus on building communication habits with math they already know before tackling new grade-level standards.

Because the heavy lifting of curriculum alignment and slide design is already done, implementation is manageable.

3 Ways to Run a 5-Minute Math Dash Chat

Designed to take just 5 minutes at the start of your math block, here are three ways you can begin to execute them:

  1. The Morning Bell-Ringer: Have the slide projected first thing in the morning. Allow students to partner up and talk through the prompt as they settle into class before launching into whole-group discussion.
  2. Whiteboard Pre-Writes: Have students jot quick notes or sketch models on individual whiteboards before speaking. Writing down their thoughts first forces them to slow down, clarify their thinking, and articulate their reasoning more precisely when they begin sharing orally.
  3. Academic Vocabulary Warm-Up: Use the prompts specifically to practice domain-specific math language in context, giving multilingual learners a low-stakes environment to test out new vocabulary before encountering deeper concepts later in the lesson.

Ready to Start?

If your curriculum is missing structured student talk, or if you need an effortless way to keep geometry, data, and measurement standards fresh all year long, give Math Dash Chats a try.

Which grade level are you going to test out first? Let me know how your students respond in the comments!

Maximizing Tier 1 Math Instruction with MathReps

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Before we dive into how MathReps fits into daily classroom instruction, let’s review what Tier 1 actually is.

In a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework, Tier 1 is the core, universal instruction that all students receive. Often referred to as “best first instruction,” the goal of Tier 1 is to provide high-quality, grade-level learning that meets the needs of roughly 80–85% of students without requiring outside intervention.

The goal of Tier 1 is simple: build a solid foundation early, so we avoid creating learning gaps. As every educator knows, when a math gap is left unaddressed in the early years, it grows exponentially wider as a student progresses through school.

This is precisely where MathReps shines. MathReps isn’t a “fun extra” or a filler activity; it is a powerful engine for Tier 1 core instruction.

The Core Characteristics of Effective Tier 1 Instruction

To understand why MathReps works so well at the Tier 1 level, we have to look at what makes core instruction effective in the first place:

  • Universal Access: Every student engages directly with grade-level standards and core mathematical concepts, rather than being isolated into low-level remediation.
  • Low Cognitive Load: Instructional frameworks and routines are structured predictably so students spend their mental energy wrestling with mathematical concepts, not deciphering complicated directions.
  • Spaced Retrieval & Mixed Practice: Learning relies on continuous, spaced exposure across time to build automaticity, fluency, and long-term retention.
  • Real-Time Formative Assessment: Daily insights allow teachers to check for understanding on the spot, adjusting instruction in real time rather than waiting for an end-of-unit test.

How MathReps Powers Your Tier 1 Math Block

Here is specifically how a daily 10-minute MathReps routine fulfills the promise of Tier 1 instruction:

1. Low Floor, High Ceiling Accessibility

Tier 1 instruction must serve learners at various entry points. Because MathReps utilize consistent visual models (such as ten-frames, area models, place value charts, and number lines), every student can access the prompt at their current level of understanding. At the same time, open-ended quadrants provide natural depth and extension for advanced learners.

2. Spaced Retrieval Over Isolation

Traditional math curricula often present concepts in isolated silos; teaching division for three weeks in October, moving on, and never revisiting them until the end-of-year exam. MathReps embeds spaced retrieval into daily practice. By continuously cycling through core standards across the entire school year, students build durable retention and see connections across mathematical domains.

3. Reduced Cognitive Load Through Familiarity

When the layout of a MathRep remains consistent over a 6-to-8-week cycle, students don’t waste working memory trying to figure out how to do the worksheet. Because the format is predictable, 100% of their cognitive capacity is freed up to focus on the actual math.

4. Immediate, Actionable Formative Data

A core goal of Tier 1 is catching misconceptions before they turn into gaps requiring Tier 2 or 3 intervention. During a quick 5- to 10-minute MathReps session, you can scan the room or review digital submissions (like Snorkl) in real time. You instantly know who needs a 2-minute check-in, what needs whole-class clarifying, and who is ready for an extension.

5. Seamless Warm-Up Integration

As an EduProtocol-aligned routine, MathReps serves as the ultimate Tier 1 practice. It sets a predictable, success-oriented tone for the math block, builds confidence through daily wins, and normalizes a classroom culture grounded in mathematical discourse and reasoning.

Teach with Confidence

Because MathReps aligns directly with the research behind effective Tier 1 instruction, you can feel 100% confident bringing it into your classroom every single day.

If an administrator ever walks into your room and questions what you are doing (as has happened to me) or asks for the pedagogy behind the routine, you have a clear, research-backed answer: MathReps is high-leverage, low-cognitive-load Tier 1 instruction designed to catch gaps before they start.

How has MathReps helped your Tier 1 instruction?

Enhance Math Skills with the 8 Mathematical Language Routines

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As we kick off a new school year, one of our primary district priorities is diving deep into the 2023 California Math Framework. While curriculum frameworks can sometimes feel dense or disconnected from the daily realities of the classroom, there is one aspect of this framework I genuinely love: its deep grounding in the 8 Mathematical Language Routines (MLRs).

Back in 2023, while sitting with my dad in his hospital room, I wrote an extensive series breaking down these routines. (You can explore the full breakdown and access a comprehensive collection of explanations, examples, and resources in this resource document).

If you are familiar with the 2013 California Math Framework, it focused heavily on vertical content progressions, showing how a concept like addition moves from number paths in Kindergarten to visual area models in 2nd grade, ultimately culminating in the standard algorithm by 4th grade. The 2023 framework doesn’t replace that progression; it elevates it by embedding specific routines designed to build language, conceptual fluency, and student discourse.

While implementing all eight routines at once can feel overwhelming, you don’t need to do everything on Day 1. Here is a close look at my top two go-to routines, plus a high-impact bonus routine, to get you started.

1. Routine #6: The 3 Reads Protocol (Plus the Essential “Plan” Step)

Word problems are notoriously difficult for students because their brains are forced to work double-duty. First, they must execute ELA reading comprehension skills to parse the text; then, they must activate their mathematical processing to execute the computation. For multilingual learners or students with reading disabilities, this cognitive load can be paralyzing (I speak from experience).

The 3 Reads Protocol deconstructs the word problem into manageable, bite-sized cognitive steps:

  • Read 1 (Context): Read the problem without focusing on numbers. The sole goal is to understand the situation and visualize what is happening. Drawing out the scene can help students visualize it.
  • Read 2 (Quantities & Relationships): Read the problem a second time to identify the numbers, units, and how those quantities relate to one another.
  • Read 3 (The Task): Read a third time to isolate the specific question or mathematical task.

My Practitioner Twist: Adding “The Plan” Typically, I see student thinking break down right after Step 3. Students know the context, the numbers, and the question, but they freeze when deciding what to do with that information. That is why I always add a fourth step: Designing a Plan/Model. We analyze how we will answer the question, often by drawing out an area model, bar model, or diagram. Running this protocol several times a week as a whole group removes the mystery from word problems and builds durable problem-solving habits.

2. Routine #3: Clarify, Critique, and Correct

How often have we told a student to “go check your work,” only for them to glance at their paper for two seconds and say, “Yup, looks good”? Telling students to check their work without teaching them how to critique math is ineffective.

Routine #3 teaches students to analyze mathematical reasoning critically; first in others, and ultimately in themselves. My favorite way to execute this is through the EduProtocol Nacho Problem.

You present a math problem containing a common conceptual error. Students must locate the mistake, correct the procedure, and, most importantly, write about it using a C.E.R. (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) structure. When students have to justify why an error occurred in writing, their understanding shifts from surface-level recall to deep conceptual mastery.

3. The Bonus Routine: Co-Craft Questions (Routine #5 / 3-Act Math)

This routine is an incredible tool for student engagement and organic differentiation. You present students with a rich scenario or visual context without providing a final question. Students are then tasked with co-crafting mathematical questions that could be answered using the provided information.

The beauty of this routine is that students naturally differentiate the math themselves. You will see students generate “mild, medium, and spicy” questions. When given the choice, the vast majority of students will naturally challenge themselves with a more complex question than the one a teacher might have assigned them.

Classroom Management Pro-Tip: What about the student who intentionally chooses the easiest possible question? Let them! They will finish it in 30 seconds. When they do, simply say, “Great job. Now choose one of the spicy questions to tackle.” If it becomes a habit, offer a structured choice: “You can choose Question B or Question C today.” They retain autonomy, but the floor of rigor is raised.

Which Routine Will You Try First?

No matter which Mathematical Language Routine you choose to introduce to your math block this semester, you are giving your students the tools to move beyond procedural compliance and into true conceptual understanding.

Which of these routines are you going to test out with your students first? Let me know in the comments!

Reflections on Year 31: Growth, Gratitude, and Navigating the Unknown

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Reflecting on a school year is always a delicate balance of celebrating deep classroom triumphs while navigating the inevitable winds of systemic change. This year marked my 31st year in education. If three decades in the classroom and in coaching roles have taught me anything, it is that while our daily tasks may shift, the core mission of supporting authentic student and teacher growth remains entirely unchanged. Looking back at the full landscape of the months behind me, I can confidently say it was a year filled with personal and professional success, driven by educators and students willing to take risks and try something new.

The best moments of my year took place directly inside classrooms, where I had the privilege of watching brilliant teaching across several grade levels. In Kindergarten, students were mastering foundational coding using Bee-Bots, while up in 5th grade, classrooms were diving into collaborative critical thinking through the Cyber Sandwich EduProtocol. As a Tech TOSA and instructional coach, my favorite days involved partnering with teachers to blend meaningful technology with powerful pedagogical frameworks. In one room, we paired MathReps with Wipebooks and Snorkl to make mathematical thinking visible and dynamic. In a 2nd-grade classroom, the students proved to be absolute rockstars in independent reading comprehension, leveraging Snorkl to capture their responses before seamlessly transitioning to choice boards to further explore topics independently.

Perhaps the most profound professional joy this year came from an instructional coaching cycle focused on student discourse with a 1st-grade teacher. By implementing just a few precise, intentional shifts, this teacher increased student-led discussion by an incredible 62% in a short six-to-eight-week period (I think it was six weeks, but I tell ya, it’s been a year). The transformation came down to a few key pedagogical changes: intentionally giving the students dedicated time to share ideas with one another before speaking to the whole group, and introducing structured sentence frames to support their developing language skills. The most rewarding part of this growth was that these targeted design shifts ultimately saved the teacher a great deal of time and energy, proving that shifting the cognitive load to our youngest learners is a win for everyone.

Beyond individual classrooms, our district has continued its steady journey into standards-based learning in mathematics. Refining our proficiency scales has brought massive clarity to our school sites. Through this ongoing work, our teachers now possess a much deeper understanding of the standards and a clearer picture of exactly what is expected of our students to build true conceptual understanding. Which led to many discussions as we evaluated which Math curriculums to pilot next year. On a professional level, I also adjusted to a new supervisor this year: our Director of Curriculum and Instruction. Navigating a change in leadership always requires a period of mutual adaptation.

Of course, a year rarely goes by without some friction, and it certainly wasn’t all smooth sailing. At the district level, it was a genuinely rough year marked by internal site issues that caused considerable unrest, leading to some contentious board meetings. Compounding this unrest was the sudden announcement that our high school district will unify with us within the next three to five years due to the desired unification of a neighboring town’s elementary district. (NOTE: our high school district is in charge of our town’s high school and the neighboring town’s). It is a massive undertaking, and the reality is that we simply are not ready and currently have no viable plan in place. To add to the complexity, our superintendent decided to retire this past spring. Because the announcement dropped so late in the school year, it left very little time for a thorough, comprehensive search for a new leader who is ready to take on both our internal site challenges and a looming district unification. As of today, the district has been in negotiations with one candidate, but that is as far as it has gone (as far as I know), leaving us entering the summer with real uncertainty about who will be leading our district forward.

Looking back at the year, it was a journey filled with intense ups and downs. Unfortunately, there were far more bumpy patches than smooth ones this year. While our absolute focus should always remain firmly on our students, the honest truth is that maintaining that focus can be incredibly difficult when there is so much systemic upheaval going on all around us. Some school sites felt this weight much more than others. It was a heavy, exhausting year for many.

Looking ahead to the upcoming school year, we have a major math pilot in place to evaluate two distinct approaches to conceptual understanding. We will be taking a deep look at Innovamat’s Thinking Math alongside Savvas’ EnVision, and I am eager to see how our teachers and students interact with these resources as we continue to refine our standards-based instruction.

Here’s to closing out year 31and to stepping into year 32 (YIKES). Seriously, though, how did so many years already pass by? It truly feels like I just started teaching ten years ago. Wherever the road leads and whoever steps in to lead our district, my hope is simply that this next year brings a little more stability and a lot more smooth patches for our district.

The Pedagogy-First Mindset

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As a Tech TOSA, teachers often come to me when they have a spark of an idea and need the right tool to bring it to life. Sometimes, they just need a reliable replacement for a tool they loved, like finding a new home for video discussions after Flip changed. My role isn’t to audit what’s in their “digital closet,” but to offer support and guidance as we navigate the “energy” of our classrooms together.

With the growing conversation around screen-time limits in districts like LA Unified, we have to be honest about what that energy looks like. When we stand side-by-side in a classroom where students are on a mandate for 90 minutes of adaptive software each week (45 minutes for math and 45 minutes for ELA), the room is often stagnant. It’s quiet, but is it the silence of deep thought or the silence of digital compliance?

The person who is doing the work is doing the learning.

The “Work” Litmus Test

I have a quote I live by in my own classroom: “The person who is doing the work is doing the learning.”

When we look at tech tools, the question isn’t “is this high-tech?” but “who is doing the heavy lifting?”

  • Compliance Tech: The software handles the logic and sorts the levels. The student is a passenger.
  • Creation Tech: Tools like Canva or Snorkl (which now hosts MathReps!) require students to be the drivers. In Snorkl, there is no passive learning; the student must articulate their thinking and record their process. That is the kind of “work” that leads to true learning.

The “Fluff” Tax vs. The Power of Fun

We all need to break the monotony sometimes. A fast-moving game like 99math or Wayground can be a fantastic way to build the fluency and basic facts students need before they can perform complex math. That “sprint” of excitement is a bridge to the next level of mastery.

The “fluff” tax happens when the game mechanics (like 20 minutes of boss battles in Prodigy) take up more brain space than the actual math. If the stimulation is a barrier to the standard rather than a bridge, it’s worth asking if it’s truly propelling them forward.

Making the Most of Mandated Minutes

We know the reality: many districts mandate 90 minutes a week for math and reading software. As a coach, I’m not there to push back on district policy, but to support teachers in navigating it. When I stand side-by-side with a teacher in a “stagnant” room, I like to ask four gentle, clarifying questions:

  1. Is the tool giving accurate information? Does the data on the screen reflect the growth (or struggle) you are seeing in the classroom?
  2. How do you know they are learning the material? If we closed the laptop right now, could they explain the “why”?
  3. Is this propelling them forward? Is this tool helping them master a Priority Standard, or just helping them finish a level?
  4. Who is doing the thinking?

Everyone will have a different take on it, and that’s okay. Some tools work better for some than others.

Final Thought

The goal of looking at pedagogy first isn’t to add a burden to the teacher. It’s to ensure that when we do use screens, whether it’s for a mandated block or a creative EduProtocol, the tech is helping them think, not just helping them finish.

Join the Conversation

How do you balance the “stagnant” mandated minutes with the “energetic buzz” of creation-based learning? Have you found a tool that actually reflects the growth you see in your small groups? Let’s talk about it in the comments.

Embracing Vulnerability in Math Education

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There is a heavy myth in education that once we step into the classroom, we are supposed to be the “Expert in the Room.” For many elementary teachers, this is especially daunting in math. Many don’t see themselves as “math people” and might even joke about it to cover up a deeper insecurity regarding the conceptual methods we use today.

It is terrifying to feel you have to teach something you don’t fully understand. But after years, I’ve realized something: The most powerful words you can say to a student are “I don’t know. Let’s find out”.

Modeling the Struggle

When we admit we don’t know something in the classroom, we are being instructionally agile. Admitting the struggle allows students to be vulnerable themselves. If they see that their teacher has to work at things, it gives them the silent permission to be okay with the struggle, too.

I’m not advocating for being unprepared. But when a student makes an observation you hadn’t thought of, saying, “I don’t know, let’s check it out,” or “Tell me more,” allows the students to become owners of the learning process and cultivates critical thinking. It turns math from a performance into a side-by-side discovery.

Confessions of a Coach

I’ve found that the most effective support I can offer teachers isn’t when I show up with all the answers, it’s when I model that I’m still a learner, too. For a long time, the area model for division was my personal “wall.” I understood the theory, but the mechanics just wouldn’t stick.

Instead of hiding that, I approached a 4th-grade teacher who was a master of the method and asked if I could come in, watch her, and record her lesson so I could watch it until it finally clicked.

Breaking the “Math Person” Trap

When I share this story with teachers who are hesitant to try a new method, the energy shifts. They see that:

  • The Struggle is Universal: If a coach has to “rep” a 4th-grade standard multiple times to learn it, it’s okay if they do, too.
  • The Method is a Conversation: By asking a colleague for help, I turned our relationship into a partnership. I wasn’t a coach; I was a learner benefiting from her expertise.
  • Persistence Pays Off: Just like we tell students that the Mastery Loop requires repetition, we need to give ourselves the same grace to grow.

The standard is the goal, but the method is the conversation.

Creating Space for “Cultural Wealth”

When we step aside as the “source of all knowledge,” we create space for students to be the teachers. I remember a year we were learning division, and a student showed the class a method her immigrant parents had taught her. We celebrated that. We all learned something new because we were open to the idea that there isn’t just one “right” way to get to the answer.

The standard is the goal, but the method is the conversation. By signing our own “permission slip” to not know everything, we empower every student in the room to finally feel like a “Math Person”.

Join the Conversation

When was the last time a student, or a colleague, taught you something in the middle of a math lesson? How did that shift the energy in your room? Let’s talk about the power of being the “Lead Learner” in the comments.

Time Saver Toolkit: 3 Google Features for May Sanity

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When I think about classrooms this time of year, I’m thinking of the workflow. This time of year is jam-packed with activities, final checks, and state testing. We don’t have time to waste. That’s why it’s important to reclaim your time.

If you want to survive May with your sanity intact, here are three features you should be leaning on:

1. Rubrics in Google Classroom (The “State Test” Hack)

Many teachers don’t realize they can import or build rubrics directly into their Google Classroom assignments.

  • The Pro Move: Take the actual writing rubrics from our state testing and build them into your final writing assignments.
  • The Benefit: When you grade, you just click the level (1, 2, 3, or 4), and Google does the math for you. More importantly, the students see exactly where they stand against the state standard before the test starts.

2. Google Forms as the “Automated Exit Ticket”

Stop collecting 30 slips of paper at the door. A simple 2-question Google Form can be your diagnostic “Biopsy” for the next day’s lesson.

  • The Pro Move: Use “Quiz Mode” with answer keys for multiple-choice questions.
  • The Benefit: You get a pie chart of student understanding before the kids even leave the room. If 70% of the class missed the question on fractions, you know exactly what your MathRep warm-up needs to be tomorrow.

3. The “Schedule” Button (Mental Health Move)

The Feature: Instead of hitting “Post” on an assignment, click the arrow next to it and select “Schedule.”

Why it helps: You can batch-plan your entire next week on Sunday night (or during a prep period) and have assignments drop exactly when class starts. No more fumbling with the “Create” button while 30 kids are waiting.

Bonus May Helper

Version History in Docs/Slides

  • The Feature: File > Version History > See version history.
  • Why it helps: In May, students sometimes “accidentally” delete their entire project or claim they “worked on it for hours” when they didn’t. Version History shows you exactly who wrote what and when. No more “he-said, she-said” during grading, just pure data.

The Importance of Learning Progressions in Math Education

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As an instructional coach in a district that recently began Standards-Based Learning in math, I hear similar concerns across the district, especially this time of year. The pressure to have mastery of all the Priority Standards before the year ends. (It’s important to note that all the standards are being taught. There are Priority Standards and supporting standards. The supporting standards do just that: support. They are the prerequisites, if you will, to the Priority Standards.)

But there is a hidden “Instructional Debt” that makes these standards feel like an uphill battle. If we want our students to succeed at high-level problem solving, we have to talk about the one thing that has become a bit of a “taboo” word in modern math: Memorization. Okay, the act of memorization isn’t taboo; some of the old methods are no longer supported by current research. It’s a frustration for all K-12 math teachers. So let’s talk about it and how we can help students master facts using current research.

The “Cognitive RAM” Problem

Every student has a finite amount of mental energy (let’s call it “Cognitive RAM”). I can hear you all now, “So do the teachers!” When we ask a student to solve a multi-step word problem, that task requires a massive amount of RAM for reading comprehension, translation, planning, and strategic persistence.

If that student hasn’t memorized their basic addition, subtraction, or multiplication facts, they are forced to use their limited RAM for “manual labor”: counting on fingers, drawing tally marks, drawing, modeling, or skip-counting. By the time they get to the actual logic of the problem, they’ve run out of “mental memory.” The whole task seems insurmountable.

The truth is: Memorization is Creative Freedom. When the facts are automatic, the brain is finally free to be creative in the approach to solving the problem. It breaks down a barrier. Think about it. If you are trying to solve a problem and realize you need to multiply 376 by 48, but you don’t have your facts memorized, this task just became a slow, muddy drudge. However, if you know you will need to multiply 376 by 48 AND you know your facts, the hard part is behind you once you know what to do. Suddenly, things don’t feel so unattainable.

The Progression is Non-Negotiable

To be clear: I am not advocating for “rote memorization” without understanding. Memorization is the final step of this Learning Progression. It only works if it is built on a solid foundation:

  1. Concrete: Manipulating base ten blocks and counters.
  2. Representational: Drawing tape diagrams, number paths, and arrays.
  3. Abstract (The Goal): Automaticity, mental fluency, and algorithms.

If we jump straight to memorization, we build a house of cards. But if we stay in the “Representational” phase forever, allowing students to rely on skip-counting patterns or finger-counting, we are capping their growth. We are asking them to do “back-breaking” math every single day. We do need to nudge them to move beyond the Representational model and help them see/understand that they are ready for the abstract and that the abstract is, in fact, your friend.

The Three Gaps Holding Students Back

When I listen to teachers discuss where students are “stuck” on a standard, they usually find that there is a gap in one of these three essential progressions:

1. The Missing Floor (Addition & Subtraction Facts)
If a fourth grader is still “counting on” to solve 14 + 6, they aren’t just slow, they are overloaded. Mental math strategies like “Make a 10” are the building blocks for every standard that follows.

2. The Fluency Wall (Multiplication & Division)
Skip-counting (7, 14, 21, 28…) and arrays are beautiful ways to learn multiplication, but it’s a weight around a student’s neck during long division. We have to move them across the bridge to automaticity.

3. The Magnitude Gap (Flexible Thinking)
When a student looks at 1/4 and 5/6, do they see numbers to crunch or magnitudes to visualize? Flexible thinking means knowing that 1/4 is “a little bit” and 5/6 is “almost a whole.” If they can’t visualize this, they aren’t ready for the standard of comparing fractions.

Bridging the Gap with MathReps

This is exactly why the MathReps framework exists. We don’t just “hope” kids learn their facts or develop flexible thinking. We build consistent, high-frequency opportunities to practice these skills alongside the priority standards.

A MathRep ensures that students touch the concrete and/or representational models every single day until those skills settle into the abstract. It allows us to pay off the “Instructional Debt” in small, daily installments so that when students are expected to solve two-step word problems with multiple operations, our students have the mental capital to win.

The Bottom Line: Don’t be afraid to slow down and build the floor. You aren’t “behind” on the pacing if you are busy building the progressions that make those standards possible.

What Teachers Can Do Now (Without Burning Out)

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Post 5 in the Teaching in a Digital Age series. See previous post.

After research, reflection, and hard truths, the question many teachers are left with is a simple one:

What can I actually do, right now, without adding more to my plate?

It’s the question we are often asking ourselves. This post isn’t about sweeping reform or perfect implementation. It’s about small, realistic shifts that rebalance technology use, protect teacher energy, and put learning back where it belongs: with students. As they say, the person doing the work is the person who is learning.

Start With Choice Boards (Without Overthinking Them)

If you’ve read my blog long enough, you know that I am a fan of choice boards. But choice boards don’t have to be complicated or beautifully designed. In fact, many teachers already use a version of them without calling them that: a “must do” and “may do” list.

A simple way to begin, and what I do:

  1. Choose the skill you want students to practice or master.
  2. List familiar ways students can show understanding (write, draw, explain, build, record).
  3. Decide how students will share—digitally or not.

That’s it. I’m a fan of having students share their work, not just turn it in.

The focus stays on skills and mastery, not the tool. Technology becomes an option, not the driver. A student might choose to draw a model, make a poster, record an explanation, design a game, or write a short reflection. Over time, these low-tech options can naturally lead to digital creation, but only when it makes sense.

Choice builds ownership. Ownership builds engagement.
And none of this requires a new platform (unless you want one).

Lean Into Student Explanation

It’s easy to feel like there’s no time for student talk. There’s content to cover. Pacing to manage. Standards to meet. It all can feel overwhelming at times.

But explanation, oral, visual, or written, isn’t extra.
It is the learning. I know it sounds simple, and the time can feel like extra, but it’s really not. Remember: start small.

Short, structured opportunities for students to explain their thinking, turn-and-talks, quick presentations, sketch-notes, and exit explanations, strengthen understanding and surface misconceptions faster than silent work ever could.

These practices also align naturally with ELD standards, but they benefit all students. Being able to explain clearly, listen actively, and respond thoughtfully is a skill worth protecting instructional time for. And when a student can explain the material clearly, you know they understand it.

Sometimes the most powerful move is simply to stop and let students talk.

Build Simple Routines That Shift the Cognitive Load

When students know:

  • where to find materials
  • what success looks like (success criteria or proficiency scales)
  • how to make choices
  • where finished work goes

…the cognitive load shifts from the teacher to the learner.

This isn’t about losing control; it’s about creating systems that run themselves. As an instructional coach, I have found that having systems in place is valuable for teachers. It lowers your stress and makes for a more peaceful classroom. Once expectations are clear and routines are established, students work more independently, collaborate more naturally, and take greater responsibility for their learning.

That shift frees you up to do what matters most: conference, observe, intervene, and support students who need it most.

You already do much of this instinctively. The key is being intentional and letting go just enough. And if you are thinking to yourself, “I already do all of this,” then you should feel validated.

Start Small (Really Small)

This might be the hardest part.

Teachers are learners. We read blogs, attend conferences, watch webinars, and leave inspired. The temptation to do all the things is real. I am one of those who want to do all of the things right away.

But change works best when it’s edited. And I get it, I have trouble editing. But here are some things I have learned and would like to share with you.

Choose one shift:

  • One new routine
  • One way students explain
  • One choice opportunity

Let students become comfortable. Let yourself adjust. Once it’s working, then layer in something new.

Doing too much too fast overwhelms students and teachers alike. Sustainable change is slow, and that’s not a flaw. It’s the point.

Where MathReps and EduProtocols Fit

Strategies like MathReps and EduProtocols fit naturally into this work, not as mandates, but as examples.

They emphasize:

  • showing thinking over choosing answers
  • explanation as learning
  • repeatable routines that reduce planning load – This is probably the biggest bonus.

Used thoughtfully, they can support production without requiring perfection or constant novelty. But they’re options, not requirements. What matters most is the principle behind them: students actively making sense of their learning.

A Final Thought

You don’t need a new platform. (And if you’re like me, you want the newest, shiniest tool)
You don’t need a complete overhaul.
You don’t need to do more.

You need permission—to start small, to focus on thinking, and to build a classroom that works for you and your students.

That’s where balance begins.

So, what is one low-lift shift you could try this week that moves students from consuming to producing, without adding to your workload?